What is a warrant?

A warrant is indeed defined as a legal document that permits law enforcement officers to take a specific action, such as making an arrest or conducting a search. This legal document is issued by a judge or magistrate and provides the necessary authority under the law for officers to carry out their duties while ensuring the protection of individual rights. It is an essential component of the justice system, balancing the need for law enforcement to maintain public safety with the rights of individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures, as protected by the Fourth Amendment in many jurisdictions.

The other options represent different legal concepts. A notification of charges pertains to the formal communication of allegations against a defendant but does not grant authority for enforcement actions like arrest or search. A court order to release a defendant relates to decisions made regarding bail and custody, while a plea agreement involves negotiations between the prosecution and the defense regarding the defendant's plea to charges. These do not have the characteristic function of a warrant, which is specifically to authorize arrests or searches.