What term is used to describe the legal principle allowing a judge to conduct a trial without a jury?

The term that describes the legal principle allowing a judge to conduct a trial without a jury is known as a "Bench Trial." In this type of trial, the judge serves as the sole adjudicator of the facts and the law, making determinations on the validity of the charges and the outcome of the case.

The term "Judge-Only Trial" is somewhat correct in its intent, as it highlights the absence of a jury; however, "Bench Trial" is the more widely accepted legal terminology used in judicial contexts. The concept of a "Fair Trial" pertains to the rights of the accused and the integrity of the legal process rather than the composition of the trial itself. "Speedy Trial" is concerned with the timeframe in which a trial must be conducted to ensure the rights of the accused are preserved but does not speak to the presence or absence of a jury. Thus, "Bench Trial" is accurate in describing trials conducted solely by a judge.